D&B EMMA Score (Emerging Market Mediation Alert Score) is a risk assessment model developed for emerging market countries. It is a score developed by data profiling approach and statistical modeling, which predicts the possibility of a business in perilous status of instability or unreliability, such as poor financials, delay payment, stale inventory, abnormal operational status, etc. The EMMA Score provides you with a quick assessment of a business' risk standing, and when used together with other information, allows you to make better risk decisions.

The EMMA Score is based on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 represents a lower risk and 10 a higher risk.

EMMA Score for China is initially rolled out in May 2009, derived from the sample analysis of millions of company records. When using the Score to make individual applicant decisions, a customized version of this table based on an analysis of the Score against your customer account portfolio is recommended. It does not necessarily mean doing business with a company, which is assigned with higher Risk Score, will result in increased risk.

Considering the particularity of Chinese business environment and in order to make EMMA Score analyze and reflect risk factors of Chinese enterprises more appropriately, HDBC conducted an optimization and adjustment toward EMMA Score in the first half of 2012, combined PAYDEX® to appraisal model as an important risk evaluating dimension and will try harder to deeply reflect the internal factors of enterprise risk. The optimized EMMA Score makes the scores more scientifically and effectively reflect the risk characteristics of current China as an emerging market and more objectively and deeply reflect risk level of Chinese enterprises.

EMMA Score for China is calibrated on regular basis following D&B Global Modeling Methodology that captures business environmental change in China caused by macro economy shift and particular systematic events.

　

HDBC EMMA Score Commentary

Risk Range	EMMA Score	% of Report in Database		% of High Risk Business		Commentary
Low Risk Scores	1-3	28.9%		5.7%		Lower Risk Range
Medium Risk Scores	4-7	56.7%		9.1%		Average Risk Range
High Risk Scores	8-10	14.4%		36.4%		High Risk Range

The Key Drivers of the EMMA Score include the following:

Business Information Business Type Line of Business Employee Size Sales Territory Registered Capital Year of Establishment History Status Property Ownership

Geographical Information Region & Province Public Record Number of Negative Record Payment Information Percentage of Overdue Payment Company/Industry PAYDEX®

EMMA Score Application

• Low EMMA Score - May proceed to process the applicant quickly with minimal or no manual review depending on the extent of score validation analysis.
• Medium EMMA Score - Medium Risk Scores - Recommend a manual review of the applicant based on the applicant's capacity, your internal policy and risk tolerance.
• High EMMA Score - High Risk Scores - Requires thorough manual review of potential decline, or approval depending on the applicant's capacity, your internal policy and risk tolerance.

Sample Data Analysis of Risk Assessment Matrix Database

Risk Matrix Sample Distribution

PAYDEX	Risk Range
	Low	Medium	High
PAYDEX>=80	13.6%	12.6%	0.5%
80>PAYDEX>=60	15.2%	28.7%	1.7%
PAYDEX<60	0.1%	15.4%	12.2%

Possibility of High Risk Enterprise

PAYDEX	Risk Range
	Low	Medium	High
PAYDEX>=80	5.8%	8.4%	9.1%
80>PAYDEX>=60	5.6%	8.4%	14.5%
PAYDEX<60	5.6%	11.1%	40.4%

Interpretation and Analysis of Risk Assessment Matrix

Classifications	Risk Level	Description	Credit Policy
Quality group	AA->AB	Business is sound, and the bills are paid promptly with good credit reputation.	Favorable credit policy can be granted with automatic approval.
Medium risk group	BA->BB->AC	Business is operated under medium risk, and some delay payment behaviors exist.	Appropriate credit policy is suggested with some manual review.
High risk group	CA->BC->CB	Business is operated under high risk, and some severe delay payment behaviors exist.	Relatively strict credit policy is suggested with detailed manual review.
Monitoring group	CC	Business is run under high risk or with high possibility of windup, and the bills are unable to be paid in time.	Avoid credit sales. Cash settlement is suggested.

*Risk levels are listed in order of risk from low to high.

Risk Assessment Matrix is the tool for investigating the insight of subject combined with EMMA Score and PAYDEX®. EMMA Score can indicate the risk level of subject. With the help of  PAYDEX®, one can also further analysis subject's risk and find out the internal factors causing risks based on the payment records of subject. In summary, the assessment matrix can make further insightful analysis towards the enterprises with similar EMMA Scores.

When using EMMA Score and Risk Assessment Matrix, the combination of other information, such as internal assessment policy of enterprise, commercial information provided by HDBC, and feedback from the people who directly contacts with subject, etc., is recommended. With these information, it will allow you to be more convenient to make risk decisions.

D&B Rating Interpretation Tables

Financial Strength			Composite Credit Appraisal
Tangible Net worth	Registered Capital	Renminbi (RMB)	Strong	Good	Fair	Limited	Undetermined
5A	5AA	> 450,000,000	1	2	3	4	-
4A	4AA	85,000,000 - 449,000,000	1	2	3	4	-
3A	3AA	8,500,000 - 84,999,999	1	2	3	4	-
2A	2AA	6,500,000 - 8,499,999	1	2	3	4	-
1A	1AA	4,500,000 - 6,499,999	1	2	3	4	-
A	AA	2,500,000 - 4,499,999	1	2	3	4	-
B	BB	1,750,000 - 2,499,999	1	2	3	4	-
C	CC	1,000,000 - 1,749,999	1	2	3	4	-
D	DD	650,000 - 999,999	1	2	3	4	-
E	EE	450,000 - 649,999	1	2	3	4	-
F	FF	300,000 - 449,999	1	2	3	4	-
G	GG	200,000 - 299,999	1	2	3	4	-
H	HH	< 200,000	1	2	3	4	-
Alternate Ratings	Explanation
N	Financial Strength is negative				3	4	-
O	Financial Strength is undisclosed		1	2	3	4	-
NB	New Business: Less than 24 months		1	2	3	4	-
NQ	Out of Business: Business has ceased to trade					4
BR	Branch or division location
INV	Investigation is undergoing

Customer Service Contact Information

Web www.huaxiadnb.com Email enquiry@huaxiadnb.com Telephone 400-820-3536 (Shanghai) 400-810-3531 (Beijing) 800-830-9032 (Guangzhou)

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Remarks

Whilst Huaxia D&B China attempts to ensure that the information provided is accurate and complete by reason of the immense quantity of detailed matter dealt within compiling the information and the fact that some of the data are supplied from sources not controlled by Huaxia D&B China which cannot always be verified, including information provided direct from the subject of enquiry as well as the possibility of negligence and mistake, HDBC does not guarantee the correctness or the effective delivery of the information and will not be held responsible for any errors or omissions therein.